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Two 5-stick packs of Black Jack gum

Black Jack is an aniseed-flavored chewing gum currently manufactured by the Gerrit J. Verburg Co.^[1]

In 1869, exiled former Mexican president and general Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (famous for losing the Texas War of Independence) was living in New Jersey.^[2] He brought Mexican chicle with him in hopes of selling it to raise funds to help him return to power in his home country. He persuaded Thomas Adams of Staten Island, New York, to buy it. Adams, a photographer and inventor, intended to vulcanize the chicle for use as a rubber substitute. Adams' efforts at vulcanization failed, but he noticed that Santa Anna liked to chew the chicle, which the ancient Mayans had done.

Disappointed with the rubber experiments, Adams boiled a small batch of chicle in his kitchen to create a chewing gum. He gave some to a local store to see if people would buy it; they did and he began production.

In 1871, Adams received a patent on a gum-making machine and began mass-producing chicle-based gum. His first product ('Snapping and Stretching') was pure chicle with no flavoring, but sold well enough to encourage Adams in his plans. He began to experiment with flavorings, beginning with sarsaparilla. In 1884, he began adding licorice flavoring and called his invention Adams' Black Jack, the first flavored gum in the U.S. It was also the first gum to be offered in sticks.

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Black Jack Gum was sold well into the 1970s, when production ceased due to slow sales.^[3] It was re-introduced in 1986^[4] and again in 2019.^[5]

Ownership[edit]

Warner–Lambert acquired the American Chicle Company, including the Adams brand, in 1962. The American Chicle Company was renamed to Adams in 1997. Pfizer, which had bought Warner-Lambert in 2000, sold Adams and all of Pfizer's other candy brands to Cadbury in 2003. This unit became Cadbury Adams.^[6]

In 2019, Gerrit J. Verburg acquired the Black Jack gum brand among several others from Mondelez International, the parent company of Cadbury^[7]

In popular culture[edit]

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In the book Deviant, author Harold Schechter mentions that American serial killer Ed Gein chewed Black Jack gum during his sanity hearing.Black Jack gum was also used in the television show Boardwalk Empire. It was featured in Nucki's flashbacks in Season 5, Episode 6.

In Seinfeld Season 3, Episode 5 ('The Library'), Seinfeld is reminiscing with an old friend. He asks if they were chewing Black Jack gum. She says, 'Ugh licorice gum? 4 cope street casino. Never!'

In the 1990 movie Pump up the Volume, Christian Slater's character prefers Black Jack gum .

Referenced in the song 'Back to the Hotel' by SF Bay area group N2Deep.

In the Sanford and Son episode 'Coffins for Sale' Fred makes a reference to Black Jack Gum being chewed by General Pershing.

In Season 3, Episode 10 of the Showtime original series Homeland, acting director of the CIA, Saul Berenson ensures his secretary has an adequate supply during a tense moment. (Later it is referenced as his lucky gum). 'I'm out of Black Jack. Anymore out there?' Secretary brings him a pack from her desk. 'Is this the last pack?' Secretary: 'I've got you plenty more. Don't worry.'

Rage (1977) by Stephen King. In chapter 22 the lead character, Charlie Decker, says: 'Black Jack gum - there is no finer.'

In Season 3, Episode 16 of the American TV series Northern Exposure, 'Three Amigos,' Ruth-Anne offers Maurice a pack of Black Jack gum to bury with their late friend, Bill. She said he always liked it. Then, before they completely finish Bill's burial in the wilderness, Maurice offers Holling a stick and then he stuffs the pack of gum between the rocks that are covering the burial mound.

References[edit]

^https://www.candyindustry.com/articles/88327-gerrit-j-verburg-acquires-classic-gum-brands-from-mondelez-international
^http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/6-things-you-may-not-know-about-santa-anna
^https://www.oldtimecandy.com/collections/walk-the-candy-aisle-black-jack-gum
^https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/25/business/new-revival-old-time-gum.html
^https://www.candyindustry.com/articles/88327-gerrit-j-verburg-acquires-classic-gum-brands-from-mondelez-international
^https://www.oldtimecandy.com/collections/walk-the-candy-aisle-black-jack-gum
^https://www.candyindustry.com/articles/88327-gerrit-j-verburg-acquires-classic-gum-brands-from-mondelez-international

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Blackjack is the UK's most popular card game, it's also known by a few other names such as Pontoon or simply '21'. Blackjack is a very simple game which is easy to learn and straight forward to play.

Video poker app offline. Many blackjack tables now include side bets, such as 21+3, pairs plus or 'top 3', some casino's have now started introducing the Aces side bet too but this isn't proving very popular amongst players.

The game itself is easy, the player and the dealer are both dealt 2 cards, both of the players cards and one of the dealers cards are dealt face up. You then have the choice to 'hit' or 'stand' to get as close to 21 as you can without going over, 22 or more and you lose instantly.

The decision to hit or stand (sometimes called twist or stick) is also based upon the one dealers card that you see, if the dealer has a good first card (ie 10+ or A) then you're more inclined to try for a higher hand, knowing that the dealer has a good chance of turning over another high card.

The main Blackjack rules and notes are:

The dealer has to reach 17 before standing and can't take anymore cards once 17 or more has been reached, the player can stand or hit on any number except 21.

If the player has 2 cards the same you can then split them, doubling your stake and creating 2 separate hands.

The player can 'double' on any hand, by doubling your stake you get one more card only, usually a good choice on 10 or 11 against a poor dealer card.

If the player and the dealer both reach the same total then it's a 'push' and the players money is returned, excluding any side bets.

Blackjack nearly always pays extra, so if you get 10A, JA, QA, KA with a 50 bet, the total return would be 125.

Some casinos offer even money if you have Blackjack and the dealer has an Ace, basically you would double your money without seeing the second dealers card, if you choose not to take thi